Enbrel: A Look at This Biologic Medication
Enbrel (etanercept) is a widely recognized biologic medication used to treat several chronic inflammatory conditions. Unlike traditional drugs that affect the whole body's immune system broadly, biologics like Enbrel are specifically engineered to target certain components of the immune system involved in the inflammatory process.
What is Enbrel and How Does it Work?
Enbrel is a type of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor. TNF is a naturally occurring protein in the body that plays a central role in inflammation and immune responses. In conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or psoriasis, the body produces too much TNF, leading to chronic inflammation, pain, and tissue damage.
Enbrel works by binding to the excess TNF circulating in the body, essentially neutralizing it. This action helps to reduce inflammation, alleviate pain, and slow down the progression of joint damage associated with these chronic conditions.
Conditions Treated with Enbrel
Enbrel is approved by the FDA for the treatment of several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases in both adults and children, including:
- Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): A chronic inflammatory disorder that primarily affects the joints.
- Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA): A form of arthritis that affects some people who have psoriasis.
- Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS): A form of arthritis that primarily affects the spine.
- Plaque Psoriasis (Ps): A skin condition that causes red, scaly patches.
- Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA): A common type of arthritis in children under the age of 16.
Key Considerations for Treatment
Starting a biologic like Enbrel is a significant step, and it's essential to discuss the pros and cons thoroughly with your healthcare provider.
Administration
Enbrel is typically administered as an injection under the skin (subcutaneous injection). It can come in a prefilled syringe or an auto-injector pen, making at-home administration possible after proper training. Dosing frequency varies depending on the condition being treated, but it is often once or twice a week.
Potential Side Effects and Risks
Because Enbrel modulates the immune system, it can increase the risk of infections. Before starting treatment, patients are usually screened for tuberculosis (TB), as TNF inhibitors can reactivate latent TB.
Common side effects can include:
- Reactions at the injection site (redness, pain, itching).
- Headache.
- Upper respiratory infections (like colds or sinus infections).
Serious risks, although rare, can include severe infections, certain types of cancer, and nervous system problems. Your doctor will monitor your health closely while you're on this medication.
Who Should Not Take Enbrel?
People with an active, severe infection or those with a known allergy to etanercept or any of its ingredients should not take Enbrel. It's crucial to inform your doctor about all your current health conditions and medications.
The Importance of Adherence
Biologics can be highly effective, but their success relies heavily on consistent adherence to the prescribed treatment schedule. If you're prescribed Enbrel, missing doses can reduce its effectiveness and may lead to a flare-up of your condition.
If you have one of the conditions listed above and traditional treatments haven't provided enough relief, talk to your rheumatologist or dermatologist about whether a TNF inhibitor like Enbrel could be an appropriate next step in your treatment plan. Never stop or change your medication without consulting your healthcare provider.